Sobre la existencia de una celda de circulación atmosférica sobre el Caribe y su efecto en las corrientes de Ekman del Caribe suroccidental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26640/22159045.252Palabras clave:
Mar Caribe, Celda de circulación atmosférica, viento de chorro superficial del Caribe, Corrientes de EkmanResumen
Investigaciones sobre la dinámica de la atmosfera y el océano en la Cuenca de Colombia en el mar Caribe llevadas a cabo de 1992 a 1999 con medidas in situ y sensores remotos mostraron la existencia de una celda atmosférica del tipo Walker, compuesta por los vientos Alisios que vienen del Este, convergencia (ascenso) sobre la masa continental de Centroamérica, vientos del oeste al nivel de 200 mb y divergencia (descenso) en el centro del mar Caribe. Los vientos Alisios toman la forma de un viento de chorro de nivel superficial en el centro del Caribe que produce corrientes de Ekman en el Caribe suroccidental de hasta 1Sv cuya dirección superficial es hacia la Cuenca Caimán.
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Referencias
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[26] Amador, J. A. and V Magaña, Dynamics of the Low-Level Jet over the Caribbean Sea, The 23rd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology (abstract only), 1998.
[27] Poveda G, y O. Mesa, La corriente de chorro superficial del oeste "del Choco". Climatología y variabilidad durante las fases de ENSO, En: Proceedings, V Congreso Colombiano de Meteorología, 1999.
[28] Poveda G, Waylen P. R., Pulwarty RS ,Annual and interannual variability of the present climate in northern South America and southern Mesoamerica. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 234: 3-27, 2006.
[29] Wang,C., Variability of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and its relations to climate, Climate Dynamics Observational, Theoretical and Computational Research on the Climate System, 10.1007/s00382-007-0243-z, Springer-Verlag, 2007.
[30] Muller-Karger, F. E. and R. Aparicio, Mesoscale processes affecting phyto-
plancton abundance in the Southeastern Caribbean Sea, Cont. Shelf Res.,14 (2-3), 199-221, 1994.
[31] Kalnay, E., and Coauthors,: The NCEP/NCAR 40-
Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. ,77, 437-471. Vol.12, Elsevier, 405-478, 1996.
[32] Douglas, M. W., W. Fernández and M. Peña, The design an devolution of the PACS-SONET observing system in Latin America, 3rd Symposium on integrated observed systems (abstract only),1999.
[33] Wentz, F. J., A well-calibrated ocean algorithm for SSMI, J. Geophys. Res.,102,8703-8718,1997.
[34] Hastenrath, S. L., A contribution of the wind conditions over the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, Tellus, XX( 1), 168-177, 1968a.
[35] Chelton, D. B., M. G. Schlax, M. H. Freilichy R. F. Millif, Satellite Measurements Reveal Persistent Small-Scale Features in Ocean Winds, Science, 302: 978-983, 2008.
[36] Barton, E. D., M. L. Argote, J. Brown, P. M. Kosro, M. Lavin, J. M. Roble, R. L. Smith, A. Trasvina y H. S. Velis, Supersquirt: Dynamics of the Gulf of Tehuantepec Mexico, Oceanography, 6 (1), 23-30, 1993.
[37] Sadler, J. C., The upper tropospheric circulation over the global tropics, Dept. of Meteorology, Atlas UHMET 75-05, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1975.
[38] Lamb,P. J. and A. F. Bunker, The annual march of the heat budget of the Northand Tropical Atlantic Oceans, J. Phys Oceanogr.,12,1388-1410, 1982.
[39] Hellerman,S. and M. Rosenstein, Normalmonthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13 (7), 1093-1104, 1983.
[40] Wilson, W. D .y W. E. Johns, Velocitystructure and transport in the Wind wardIsland passages, Part I, Deep Sea Res., 44, 487-520, 1997
[41] Gordon, A. L ., Circulation of the Caribbean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 6207-6223, 1967.
[42] Sadler, J. C., The upper tropospheric circulation o verthe global tropics, Dept. of Meteorology, Atlas UHMET 75-05, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1975.
[2] Andrade, C. A. and E. D. Barton, Eddy development and motion in the Caribbean Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.105, (C11.), 26, 191-26, 201, November, 2000.
[3] Andrade, C. A. and E. D. Barton, The Guajira Upwelling System, Continental Shelf Research, Vol. 25, 1003-1022, 2005.
[4] Pujos, M., J-L. Pagliardini, R. Steer, G. Vernetteand O. Weber, Influencia de la contra-corriente norte colombiana para la circulación de las aguas en la plataforma continental su acción sobre la dispersión de los efluentes en suspensión del rio Magdalena Bol. Cient. CIOH, 6,3-15, 1986.
[5] Etter, P. C., P. J. Lamby D.H. Portis, Heatand fresh water budgets of the Caribbean Sea with revise destimates for the Central Americas Seas, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17(8), 1232-1248, 1987.
[6] Gray, C. Regional Meteorology and Hurricanes, in Climate Change in the Intra Americas Sea, Edited by G. Maul, 87-99, UNEP, 1993.
[7] Andrade, C. A., Análisis de la velocidad del viento en el Mar Caribe con datos de GEOSAT. Boletín Científico CIOH, No. 13 pp. 33-44, 1993.
[8] Magaña, V., J. Amador, and S. Medina, 1999: The mid summer drought over Mexico and Central America. J. Climate, 12, 1577-1588, 1999.
[9] Poveda, G. y O. J. Mesa, On the existence of Lloró (the rainiest locality on Earth): Enhanced ocean-land-atmosphere interaction by a low-level jet, J. Geophys. Res., (27), 11, 1675-1678, 2000.
[10] DiMego, G. J., L. F. Bosarty G. W. Enderson, An examination of the frequency and mean conditions surrounding frontal incursions into the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea: Monthly Weather Review, 104, 709-718, 1976.
[11] Álvarez-León, R., J. Aguilera, C. A. Andradey P. Nowak, Caracterización General de la Zona de Surgencia en la Guajira Colombiana. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Vol. 19, No.75, pp. 679-694, 1995.
[12] Rivera, S. y R. Molares, Evidencias de la oscilación del tiempo Madden y Julian en el Caribe colombiano, Bol. Cient. CIOH No.21, pp. 101-113, diciembre de 2003.
[13] Leaman, K y M. Donoso, Tropical intraseasonal and longer period variability of precipitation the Isthmus of Panama: Barrejobo rains as precursor of El Niño. (unpub. ms),1998.
[14] Leaman, K., C. H. K. Mooers, B. Albrecht, C. ZhangyS. S. Chen, PRECURSOR: Observations and Modeling of air-sea-land interaction processes, weather and ocean circulation patterns of the wet and dry seasons in an energetic region of the Caribbean Sea. Proposal to the US National Science Foundation, 55pp., 1998.
[15]Whyte, F. S., M. A. Taylor, T. S. Stephenson, y J. D. Campbell, Features of the Caribbean low level jet, International Journal of Climatology, 28, (1), pp. 119-128, January, 2008.
[16] Montealegre, E. Y D. Pavón, Características climáticas relevantes en el noroccidente suramericano durante la ocurrencia de fenómenos El Niño - Oscilación del Sur (ENOS) [Relevant climatic characteristics in Nortwestern South America during the occurrence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena], Bol. Cient. CIOH, 12, 55-68, 1992.
[17] Poveda, G., A. Jaramillo, M. M. Gil, N. Quiceno, y R. I. Mantilla, Seasonality in ENSO-related precipitation, river discharges, soil moisture, and vegetation index in Colombia, Water Resources Research, Vol. 37, No.8, Pages 2169 - 2178, August 2001.
[18] Poveda, G., Empirical orthogonal functions in the relationship between river stream flows and sea surface temperatures in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. 23 Proc. XVI Latin American Hydraulics and Hydrology Meeting (inSpanish), Santiago, Chile, IAHR, 131-144, 1994.
[19] Poveda and O. J .Mesa, Feedbacks between hydrological processes in tropical South America and large scale oceanic atmospheric phenomena. J. Climate, 10, 2690-2702, 1997.
[20] Poveda and A. Jaramillo, ENSO related variability of river discharges and soil moisture in Colombia. Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrologic Cycle, No.8, IGBP, 3-6. 2000.
[21] Waylen, Pand G. Poveda, El Nino-Southern Oscillation and aspects of western South American hydro-climatology, Hydrol. Process. 16,1247-1260( 2002).
[22] Tourre, Y. M. y. B. White, Evolution of the ENSO signal in the Eastern Pacific-Intra-Americas Sea. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 76, OS117, Suppl. (abstract only), 1996.
[23] Bernal, G., G. Poveda, P. Roldány C. A. Andrade, Identificación de patrones espacio-temporales en las temperaturas superficiales del Mar a lo largo de la Costa Caribe Colombiana a escalas anual, interanual y decadal, Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Vol.XXX- No.115, 195-208, Junio,2006.
[24] Enfield, D. B. y D. A. Mayer, Tropical Atlantic SST variability and its relation to El Nino-Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 929-945, 1997
[25] Andrade, C. A., Variaciones temporales termohalinas en la Cuenca de Colombia, Boletín Científico CIOH No. 27, 8-21, 2009.
[26] Amador, J. A. and V Magaña, Dynamics of the Low-Level Jet over the Caribbean Sea, The 23rd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology (abstract only), 1998.
[27] Poveda G, y O. Mesa, La corriente de chorro superficial del oeste "del Choco". Climatología y variabilidad durante las fases de ENSO, En: Proceedings, V Congreso Colombiano de Meteorología, 1999.
[28] Poveda G, Waylen P. R., Pulwarty RS ,Annual and interannual variability of the present climate in northern South America and southern Mesoamerica. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 234: 3-27, 2006.
[29] Wang,C., Variability of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and its relations to climate, Climate Dynamics Observational, Theoretical and Computational Research on the Climate System, 10.1007/s00382-007-0243-z, Springer-Verlag, 2007.
[30] Muller-Karger, F. E. and R. Aparicio, Mesoscale processes affecting phyto-
plancton abundance in the Southeastern Caribbean Sea, Cont. Shelf Res.,14 (2-3), 199-221, 1994.
[31] Kalnay, E., and Coauthors,: The NCEP/NCAR 40-
Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. ,77, 437-471. Vol.12, Elsevier, 405-478, 1996.
[32] Douglas, M. W., W. Fernández and M. Peña, The design an devolution of the PACS-SONET observing system in Latin America, 3rd Symposium on integrated observed systems (abstract only),1999.
[33] Wentz, F. J., A well-calibrated ocean algorithm for SSMI, J. Geophys. Res.,102,8703-8718,1997.
[34] Hastenrath, S. L., A contribution of the wind conditions over the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, Tellus, XX( 1), 168-177, 1968a.
[35] Chelton, D. B., M. G. Schlax, M. H. Freilichy R. F. Millif, Satellite Measurements Reveal Persistent Small-Scale Features in Ocean Winds, Science, 302: 978-983, 2008.
[36] Barton, E. D., M. L. Argote, J. Brown, P. M. Kosro, M. Lavin, J. M. Roble, R. L. Smith, A. Trasvina y H. S. Velis, Supersquirt: Dynamics of the Gulf of Tehuantepec Mexico, Oceanography, 6 (1), 23-30, 1993.
[37] Sadler, J. C., The upper tropospheric circulation over the global tropics, Dept. of Meteorology, Atlas UHMET 75-05, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1975.
[38] Lamb,P. J. and A. F. Bunker, The annual march of the heat budget of the Northand Tropical Atlantic Oceans, J. Phys Oceanogr.,12,1388-1410, 1982.
[39] Hellerman,S. and M. Rosenstein, Normalmonthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13 (7), 1093-1104, 1983.
[40] Wilson, W. D .y W. E. Johns, Velocitystructure and transport in the Wind wardIsland passages, Part I, Deep Sea Res., 44, 487-520, 1997
[41] Gordon, A. L ., Circulation of the Caribbean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 6207-6223, 1967.
[42] Sadler, J. C., The upper tropospheric circulation o verthe global tropics, Dept. of Meteorology, Atlas UHMET 75-05, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, 1975.
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Publicado
2018-03-06
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Cómo citar
Sobre la existencia de una celda de circulación atmosférica sobre el Caribe y su efecto en las corrientes de Ekman del Caribe suroccidental. (2018). Boletín Científico CIOH, 31, 73-94. https://doi.org/10.26640/22159045.252
