The ecological condition of Tumaco Bay (colombian Pacific): an assessment of water quality and phytoplankton
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26640/22159045.260Keywords:
phytoplankton, physicochemical parameters, Bay of Tumaco, tides, algae bloomsAbstract
The Bay of Tumaco has a strong interaction between waters discharged from different rivers, the rivers beds are characterized by being short but mighty, and the waters of oceanic origin projecting towards the coast, a situation that creates permanent variability of the physicochemical conditions that may be accentuated or attenuated according to the tidal cycle and the climatic seasons. Under these considerations, we characterized the phytoplankton community of the Bay waters in high and low tide in two seasons of the year and related them to physicochemical variables to assess the ecological condition of the Bay. Sampling was conducted in April (rainy season) and August (dry season) in nine stations. From the analysis of species composition and abundance, using a non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), there were significant differences in the composition and abundance between the two seasons of the year (p = 0.001), showing less abundance, more species richness, uniformity and diversity in the rainy season compared to the dry season. Seasonal fluctuations in SST, salinity, chlorophyll a, nitrites and nitrates (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient: 0.545, p = 0.001), were associated with biological pattern found. These conditions favored the growth of Rhizosolenia imbricata, Odontella sinensis, Guinardia striata, Scrippsiella sp. and Protoperidinium sp. in rainy season and Coscinodiscus Granni, Leptocylindricus danicus, Thalassiosira sp., Astrionella japónica and Skeletonema costatum in the dry season. Comparison with other tropical estuaries physicochemical characteristics and the community structure it can be inferred that the ecological condition of the Bay is good, but is vulnerable to changes in its environmental conditions. It can be inferred that this estuary has the ability, at least in short spatial and temporal scales, to assimilate nutrient inputs, so algal blooms are rare.Downloads
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References
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[2] Herrera-Silveira JA, Morales-Ojeda SM. Evaluation of the health status of a coastal ecosystem in southeast Mexico: Assessment of water quality, phytoplankton and submerged aquatic vegetation. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2009;59:72–86.
[3] Heiskanen AS, Carstensen J, Gasiunaite Z, Henriksen P, Jaanus A, Kauppila P, Lysiak-Pastuszak E, Sagert S. Monitoring strategies for phytoplankton in the Baltic Sea coastal waters. European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability Inland and Marine Waters. Unit I-21020. Ispra (VA), Italy; 2005.
[4] Bastidas G, Casanova R, Celis C. Correlación de parámetros con la dinámica en la bahía de Tumaco. Bol. Cient. CCCP 2008;15:83-89.
[5] Garay-Tinoco JA, Gómez-López DI, Ortiz-Galvis JR. editores. Diagnóstico integral del impacto biofísico y socioeconómico relativo a las fuentes de contaminación terrestre en la bahía de Tumaco, Colombia y lineamientos básicos para un Plan de Manejo. Proyecto del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA - Programa de Acción Mundial PAM) y Comisión Permanente del Pacífico Sur CPPS. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (Invemar), Centro Control Contaminación del Pacífico (CCCP) y Corporación Autónoma Regional de Nariño (Corponariño). Santa Marta, 290 pp; 2006.
[6] Jiménez R. Diatomeas y Silicoflagelados del fitoplancton del golfo de Guayaquil. Acta Oceanográfica del Pacífico. Inocar. 2 (2). Guayaquil. Ecuador; 1983.
[7] Pesantes F. Dinoflagelados del golfo de Guayaquil. Acta Oceanográfica del Pacífico. Inocar. 2 (2). Guayaquil. Ecuador; 1983.
[8] Tomas CR. Identifying marine phytoplankton, Editorial Academic Press Inc. San Diego, USA. 1997; 858 pp.
[9] Uribe–Palomino HJ. Colección fotográfica de organismos fitoplanctónicos de la Cuenca del Pacífico colombiano. Cruceros Oceanográficos Pacífico XXXIII ERFEN XXXI (nov-dic 2000) y Pacífico XXXIV ERFEN XXXII (jun-jul 2001). Centro Control Contaminación del Pacífico-CCCP. Informe de investigación; 2003.
[10] Strickland JD, Parsons TR. A practical handbook of seawater analysis. Second Edition. Ottawa (Canada): Fisheries Research Board of Canada; 1972.
[11] Bendschneider K, Robinson RJ. A new Spectrophotometric Method for the determination of nitrite in sea water. Journal Marine Research. Volume 11; 1952.
[12] Murphy J, Riley JP. A single-solution method for determination of soluble phosphate in sea water. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 1958;37:9-14.
[13] APHA, AWWA, WPCF. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21th Edition. Washington, American Public, Health Association; 2005.
[14] Clarke KR, Gorley RN. PRIMER v6: User Manual/Tutorial. Primer-E Ltd. Plymouth. 2006; 190 pp.
[15] Naik RK, Anil AC, Narale DD, Chitari RR, Kulkarni VV. Primary description of surface water phytoplankton pigment patterns in the Bay of Bengal. Journal of Sea Research 2011; 65:435–441.
[16] Boyer JN, Kelble CR, Ortner PB, Rudnick DT Phytoplankton bloom status: Chlorophyll a biomass as an indicator of water quality condition in the southern estuaries of Florida, USA. Ecological indicators. 2009;9s: 56–67.
[17] Huang L, Jian W, Song X, Huang X, Liu S, Qian P, Yin K, Wu M. Species diversity and distribution for phytoplankton of the Pearl River estuary during rainy and dry seasons. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2004;49:588-596.
[18] Trott LA, Alongi DM. The Impact of Shrimp Pond Effluent on Water Quality and Phytoplankton Biomass in a Tropical Mangrove Estuary. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2000;40 (11):947-951.
[19] Bricker SB, Ferreira JG, Simas T. An integrated methodology for assessment of estuarine trophic status. Ecological Modelling. 2003;169:39–60.
[20] Tejada CA, Otero LJ, Castro LA, Afanador F, Devis A, Solano JE, Fonseca AL. Aportes al entendimiento de la bahía de Tumaco: entorno oceanográfico, costero y de riesgos. Dirección General Marítima (Dimar) - Centro Control Contaminación del Pacífico (CCCP). San Andrés de Tumaco, 169 pp; 2003.
[21] Devlin M, Best M, Coates D, Bresnan E, O’Boyle S, Park R, Silke J, Cusack C, Skeats J. Establishing boundary classes for the classification of UK marine waters using phytoplankton communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2007;55:91–103.
[22] Lewitus AJ, Horner RA, Caronc DA, García-Mendoza E, Hickey BM, Hunter M, Huppertf DD, Kudela RM, Langlois GW, Largier JL, Lessardb EJ, RaLondej R, Jack Rensel JE, Struttonl PG, Trainer VL, Tweddle JF. Harmful algal blooms along the North American west coast region: History, trends, causes, and impacts. Harmful Algae. 2012;19:133–159.
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2014-12-07
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How to Cite
The ecological condition of Tumaco Bay (colombian Pacific): an assessment of water quality and phytoplankton. (2014). CIOH Scientific Bulletin, 32, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.26640/22159045.260
